Citrinin

Citrinin Printable PDF

Background Information:

Citrinin takes it’s name from the fungus Penicillium citrinum. CTN can co-occur with Ochratoxin-A, since it’s a derivative of the same fungal species.

Major crops affected:

Cereal Grains, and their associated forages.

Associated mold:

Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp.

Conditions favoring production:

Penicillium is a major silage mold and may be a greater silage problem because it can grow at lower pH than do other molds.

Symptoms:

Like Ochratoxin-A, Citrinin targets the kidneys. The primary toxic effect is the inhibition of protein synthesis. It has been shown to be a parasympathomimetic agent, causing necrosis of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, and in some cases, hepatotoxicity, a chemically-driven liver damage condition. CTN is also known to have an antibacterial antibiotic effect. Teratogenic and carcinogenic.

Detection Limit:

5 ppb

Dairyland Lab Packages that include Citrinin:

• Mycotoxin Select Package
• Mycotoxin Complete Package

Sources

Diaz, D.E., W.M. Hagler, and L.W. Whitlow. “Mycotoxins in Feeds.” Feedstuffs. 15 Sep. 2010.

Gallo, A., G. Giubuerti, J.C. Frisvad, T. Bertuzzi, and K.F. Nielsen. Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects. Toxins 2015, 7, 3057-3111.

Whitlow, L.W., M.B. Genter, W.M. Hagler, Jr., J.A. Hansen, F.T. Jones, B.A. Mowrey, and M.H. Poore. (1994, 2007) Understanding and Coping with Effects of Mycotoxins in Livestock Feed and Forage. North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service. Dec. 1994.   

Whitlow, L.W., and W.M. Hagler, Jr. Mycotoxins Issues in Dairy Cattle: Effects, Prevention, and Treatment. article.extension.org. Web. 3 Feb. 2016.