Dairyland Laboratories announces that it has purchased the feed laboratory from Waypoint Analytical in Leola, PA. Waypoint will continue to provide other services at the Leola, PA location.
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Dairyland Laboratories announces that it has purchased feed and forage testing services from DHIA Laboratories in Sauk Centre, MN. DHIA Laboratories will continue to provide milk and testing independe...
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Dairyland Laboratories Inc. is excited to announce our new collaboration with Northwest Labs, LLC, to provide feed and forage testing services from Northwest Lab’s Jerome, Idaho location. Northwest La...
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Aflatoxins are a family of extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic compounds.
Corn, Corn Silage, Milo, Sorghums, Peanuts, and Cottonseed
Aspergillus sp. (primarily Aspergillus flavus, A. nomius, and A. parasiticus)
Heat and drought stress pre-harvest. Heat and humidity post-harvest.
Primary target is the liver resulting in abnormal blood clotting, jaundice, hemorrhaging, and reduced immune response. Affects rumen function in vitro and in vivo by decreasing cellulose digestion, volatile fatty acid formation, and proteolysis.
Acute: Inappetance, lethargy, ataxia, rough hair coat, and pale/enlarged fatty livers.
Chronic: Reduced feed efficiency and milk production, jaundice, decreased appetite, and reduced immune function.
Interpretation Guidelines | Level |
---|---|
Detection Limit | 1 ppb |
Concern Level (TRDM)* | 20 - 40 ppb |
Potentially Harmful Level** TRDM (Cattle) | 20 - 132 ppb |
Potentially Harmful Level** TRDM (Swine) | 20 - 102 ppb |
*Level indicating possible favorable conditions for mycotoxins and probable need for further testing of all feeds or the TMR. Pending further tests, negative samples should be considered at concern levels in the presence of moderate symptoms and at harmful levels with marked symptoms. Limit amounts fed if moderate performance effects are present. Discontinue use at least temporarily if pronounced performance effects or acute clinical symptoms are present. Closely observe animals and continue checking for other possible causes.
**Mycotoxins at these levels indicate probably involvement in performance effects or acute clinical symptoms. Discontinue feeding at least temporarily in the presence of either type of symptoms. Observe animals closely in the absence of symptoms and do further testing of all feeds or the TMR.
TRDM = total ration dry matter
For | Level | Commodities |
---|---|---|
All animal species | 20 ppb | All feed (exceptions below) |
Breeding cattle, breeding swine, and mature poultry | 100 ppb | Corn and peanut products |
Finishing swine (>100 lbs.) | 200 ppb | Corn and peanut products |
Finishing beef cattle | 300 ppb | Corn and peanut products |
Beef cattle, swine or poultry | 300 ppb | Cottonseed meal |
Immature animals | 20 ppb | Animal feeds and ingredients, excluding cottonseed meal |
Dairy animals, animals not listed above, or unknown use | 20 ppb | Animal feeds and ingredients |
Milk | < 0.5 ppb |
Sources
Adams, Richard S., Kenneth B. Kephart, Virginia A. Ishler, Lawrence J. Hutchinson, and Gregory W. Roth. “Mold and Mycotoxin Problems in Livestock Feeding.” Dairy Cattle Nutrition (Penn State Extension). Penn State Extension, n.d. Web. 17 Sep. 2013.
Carlson, M.P., and S.M. Ensley. Understanding Fungal (Mold) Toxins (Mycotoxins). University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. June 2003. articles.extension.org. Web. 3 Feb. 2016
Coulombe, R.A., Jr. 1993. Symposium: Biological Action of Mycotoxins. Journal of Dairy Science. 76:880-891.
Diaz, D.E., W.M. Hagler, and L.W. Whitlow. “Mycotoxins in Feeds.” Feedstuffs. 15 Sep. 2010.
Fink-Gremmels, Johanna. 2008. Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: A review. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25:2, 172-180, DOI: 10.1080/02652030701823142.
Gallo, A., G. Giubuerti, J.C. Frisvad, T. Bertuzzi, and K.F. Nielsen. Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects. Toxins 2015, 7, 3057-3111.
Kurtzman, C.P., B.W. Horn, and C.W. Hesseltine. 1987. Aspergillus nomius, a new aflatoxin-producing species related to Aspergillus
flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Anton v. Leeuwenhoek 53:147-158.
Whitlow, L.W., M.B. Genter, W.M. Hagler, Jr., J.A. Hansen, F.T. Jones, B.A. Mowrey, and M.H. Poore. (1994, 2007)
Understanding and Coping with Effects of Mycotoxins in Livestock Feed and Forage. North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service. Dec. 1994.
Yiannikouris, A., and Jean-Pierre Jouany. 2002. Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. INRA, EDP Sciences. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 81-99.