Dairyland Laboratories announces that it has purchased the feed laboratory from Waypoint Analytical in Leola, PA. Waypoint will continue to provide other services at the Leola, PA location.
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Dairyland Laboratories announces that it has purchased feed and forage testing services from DHIA Laboratories in Sauk Centre, MN. DHIA Laboratories will continue to provide milk and testing independe...
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Dairyland Laboratories Inc. is excited to announce our new collaboration with Northwest Labs, LLC, to provide feed and forage testing services from Northwest Lab’s Jerome, Idaho location. Northwest La...
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Ochratoxin-A (OTA) may be associated with problems in silages, since Penicillium and Aspergillus are prevalent storage molds. Can co-contaminate feedstuffs with other Penicillium toxins, such as, Citrinin, Patulin, Roquefortine C, Mycophenolic Acid (MPA), and Cyclopiazonic Acid.
Corn, Barley, Wheat, & Rye, and their associated silages. Penicillium is a major silage mold and may be a greater silage problem because it grows at a lower pH than do other molds.
Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp.
Penicillium is a major silage mold and may be a greater silage problem because it can grow at lower pH than do other molds. Considered to be more prevalent from a storage mold situation, rather than field/growing condition mold situation.
Impaired kidney function/damage, liver damage (fatty liver), enteritis, necrosis of lymph nodes, and possibly blood in urine. Reduced feed intakes and performance. Inhibition of protein synthesis. Carcinogenic effects.
Interpretation Guidelines | Level |
---|---|
Detection Limit | 1.1 ppb |
Concern Level (TRDM)* | 250 ppb |
Potentially Harmful Level** TRDM (Cattle) | 5,000 - 9,000 ppb |
Potentially Harmful Level** TRDM (Swine) | 700 - 1,500 ppb |
*Level indicating possible favorable conditions for mycotoxins and probable need for further testing of all feeds or the TMR. Pending further tests, negative samples should be considered at concern levels in the presence of moderate symptoms and at harmful levels with marked symptoms. Limit amounts fed if moderate performance effects are present. Discontinue use at least temporarily if pronounced performance effects or acute clinical symptoms are present. Closely observe animals and continue checking for other possible causes.
**Mycotoxins at these levels indicate probably involvement in performance effects or acute clinical symptoms. Discontinue feeding at least temporarily in the presence of either type of symptoms. Observe animals closely in the absence of symptoms and do further testing of all feeds or the TMR.
TRDM = total ration dry matter
Sources
Adams, Richard S., Kenneth B. Kephart, Virginia A. Ishler, Lawrence J. Hutchinson, and Gregory W. Roth. “Mold and Mycotoxin Problems in Livestock Feeding.” Dairy Cattle Nutrition (Penn State Extension). Penn State Extension, n.d. Web. 17 Sep. 2013.
Carlson, M.P., and S.M. Ensley. Understanding Fungal (Mold) Toxins (Mycotoxins). University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. June 2003. articles.extension.org. Web. 3 Feb. 2016
Diaz, D.E., W.M. Hagler, and L.W. Whitlow. “Mycotoxins in Feeds.” Feedstuffs. 15 Sep. 2010.
Gallo, A., G. Giubuerti, J.C. Frisvad, T. Bertuzzi, and K.F. Nielsen. Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects. Toxins 2015, 7, 3057-3111.
Whitlow, L.W., M.B. Genter, W.M. Hagler, Jr., J.A. Hansen, F.T. Jones, B.A. Mowrey, and M.H. Poore. (1994, 2007) Understanding and Coping with Effects of Mycotoxins in Livestock Feed and Forage. North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service. Dec. 1994.
Whitlow, L.W., and W.M. Hagler, Jr. Mycotoxins Issues in Dairy Cattle: Effects, Prevention, and Treatment. article.extension.org. Web. 3 Feb. 2016.
Yiannikouris, A., and Jean-Pierre Jouany. 2002. Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. INRA, EDP Sciences. Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 81-99.